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As If It Were Life: A WWII Diary from the Theresienstadt Ghetto, by Philipp Manes
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In 1942 German merchant Philipp Manes and his wife were ordered by the Nazis to leave their middle class neighborhood and go live in Theresienstadt, the only so-called "showpiece" ghetto of the Third Reich. This model ghetto was set up by the Nazis as a front to show the world that the Jews were being treated humanely. The ghetto was run by a council of Jewish elders, and organized like an idyllic socialist utopia with theatre groups and debating societies. All the while, this was just a holding post for Jews being shipped to forced labor and certain death at Auschwitz. Philipp Manes' intimate diary is filled with fascinating details of everyday life in the ghetto. Manes' voice brings us a step closer to understanding a little-known aspect of one of the most painful periods in the history of mankind.
- Sales Rank: #1296915 in eBooks
- Published on: 2009-11-17
- Released on: 2009-11-24
- Format: Kindle eBook
Review
Praise for As If It Were Life:
"The eyewitness account of Philipp Manes offers a unique insight into the life of the Jewish ghetto of Theresienstadt and the cultural activities that flourished there and helped people to endure a cruel and ultimately fatal situation."--Prof Raphael Gross, Director, Jewish Museum and Fritz Bauer Institut Frankfurt and Leo Baeck Institute, London
"The publication of this excellent translation of Philipp Manes’s Theresienstadt Chronicle makes accessible a hugely important document of the Holocaust. Manes’s prose is eloquent and elegiac, and his attention to detail careful. This unique account is essential reading for anyone interested in comprehending how the victims of the Third Reich sought to negotiate life in one of its least well-understood institutions of persecution."--Prof Donald Bloxham, Edinburgh University
"The murder of European Jewry had many facets.� Terezin in Bohemia was the de luxe showcase (transit)camp scheduled to hoodwink the Red Cross and similar organizations. This diary by an elderly German Jew who had a leading position there is one of the most authentic documents helping to understand the�sho'ah."--Walter Laqueur, author of The Terrible Secret
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"The publication of Philipp Manes’�diary is an extraordinary event and its significance in historical and literary terms can hardly be overstated.�. . .�It is above all the courageous directness and freshness of this record, its spirit�never faltering in the face of misery, which�affects the�contemporary reader most strongly.�. . In the midst of incessant suffering, art and theatre acquire an ability to transcend, thanks solely�to the power of words. This power makes itself felt in Philipp Manes’ diary, which is�arguably the most important reason why this book deserves to be read today." --...
About the Author
Philipp Manes (1875-1944) was a Berlin furrier before he and his wife were stripped of their possessions and transported to Theresienstadt in 1942.� Two years later, Manes and his wife were transported to Auschwitz, where they were killed in October of 1944.
Klaus Leist (editor) is an economist and former international business executive who worked in Britain, Belgium, the United States and Germany.� He is the author of two articles about Philipp Manes and the chronicle one in the Journal of Holocaust Education and the other in Theresienst�dter Studien und Dokumente. He lives in London with his wife.
Ben Barkow (editor) is the director of the Wiener Library, London and the author of Alfred Wiener and the Making of the Holocaust Library, editor of Testaments of the Holocaust, series 1 – 3 and co-editor of Novemberpogrom 1938: Die Augenzeugenberichte Der Wiener Library, London (with Raphael Gross and Michael Lenarz. He lives in London.
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Most helpful customer reviews
0 of 0 people found the following review helpful.
False Hope
By Robert E. Jastrow
This memoir is different from most others from concentration camp survivors. The ghetto at Theiresenshadt was different from all other concentration camps. The Nazis set it up as a "model camp" to fool the world. They populated it with Jews and others who were of some importance in Germany and and other occupied countries. It was the only camp run by the inmates, and up until the last few months of the war the conditions there were far superior to the rest of the KL system. The Nazis deliberately created a sense of false hope in the prisoners, most of whom ended up being sent to Auschwitz where they were murdered. This is a must read for any student of the Holocaust.
10 of 10 people found the following review helpful.
Painfully upbeat
By Ralph Blumenau
In 1942 Philipp Manes, a former fur merchant, then aged 66, and his wife Gertrud were deported by the Nazis from Berlin to Theresienstadt, a former garrison town in Bohemia whose fortress area of 1� square miles (barracks, stables, and houses) had been turned into a concentration camp. The Czech deportees covered a wide age-range, but those from Germany were mainly elderly, chosen for having been decorated in the First World War or for having been particularly distinguished (`Prominenten'). Conditions there were never as sadistic as they were in the more notorious concentration camps: it was not a death camp (for that purpose people were increasingly sent to Auschwitz); German soldiers or officers were scarcely seen because they left the administration of the camp to the Jews themselves; but conditions were still profoundly shocking: the loss of liberty and personal possessions, the terrible overcrowding (up to 58,000 inmates in an area originally designed for 11,000 soldiers), the shortage of food and medicines, the maddening plague of bed-bugs in the summer and the freezing conditions in the winter, and the high death rate among the weakened elderly (28,000 by December 1943). Things improved somewhat when the SS turned Thersienstadt into a `showpiece' in preparation for a visit from the International Red Cross in mid-1944: the overcrowding was reduced by deporting 17,500 to Auschwitz; and after the Red Cross had concluded its visit, these deportations increased.
In February of 1944 Manes began to write down the account which we now have before us. He was unaware of the horrors happening to Jews elsewhere. The name Auschwitz does not occur, though the `ghetto' of Birkenau does. When the deportations accelerated in the autumn of 1944, he believed the story that the deportees were temporarily wanted for war work in Germany and would be back in "approximately six weeks", and even in October 1944, a fortnight before his own deportation in the last convoy to Auschwitz and the gas-chambers there, he writes that "we all [deportees and those who still remained behind in Theresienstadt] have the prospect of seeing each other again, in the new, large camp in Germany."
Though the mood darkens towards the end of the book as deportations gather pace, what seems to concern Manes most is not so much the fate of the deportees as the effect it has on the loss of key figures in the Jewish administration and in his panel of lecturers. For Manes had run a hugely popular series of evening lectures (over 500 of them), many of them given by some of the many scholars and professional people in the camp. (Others were responsible for the vibrant musical and theatrical life which were so famous a feature of Theresienstadt.) Manes was immensely proud of, and also rather vain about, his work to keep up the spirits of the community.
Altogether, he has a tremendous work ethos. The literal meaning of `Arbeit macht frei' could have been his own motto (he says that work "ennobles", and stops people from worrying; and it is astonishing how often he uses the word "happy" when he describes people going to work.) He gives unstinting praise to all the others who worked in so orderly and efficient a manner (if also bureaucratically) in the Jewish administration, the kitchens, the workshops, the medical centres, in the fields, and in looking after the children. It proves that "when called into action, the Jew tackles the job whole-heartedly and simply says, `order carried out.'" He is proud of what Jews can do, of how former professional men can learn to become artisans. And from some of the lectures he has organized he learns to identify himself with the history of the Jews and their faith, about which previously he knew very little.
At the same time he remains relentlessly and patriotically German ("too emphatically German" for some of his colleagues). "Our sacred love of the fatherlands kept us from losing courage [as soldiers in the First World War]. So it should be now." He suffers when he hears rumours of German cities being bombed and at "the terrible adversity that will befall [Germany] in the next weeks, when hostile armies will enter German soil." In connection with the deportations, he writes that "for the defence of Germany five thousand strong and willing workers will serve again wherever they are placed, with no holding back. No force or threat of punishment needed."
The Germans got the Jews to run the camp; so "shouldn't we therefore be grateful to the German authorities because we really do not feel the power of their command?" As the internees came with nothing, all the facilities like the great hall, made available for performances and lectures, the musical instruments or the 49,000 books in the library were supplied by the Germans - from the hoard they had confiscated from the Jews! So were the raw materials for "beautifying" the town before the Red Cross inspection (which he never mentions), though the labour was of course Jewish. For this, too, he expresses gratitude to the Germans.
He records all the problems I mentioned in the first paragraph; but he remains relentlessly upbeat: he enjoys the beauty of Nature in the spring and in the summer, and even the colourful laundry fluttering cheerfully on the clothes-lines; repeatedly he takes pleasure in the healthy, beautiful and vigorous young boys and girls, whom more than once he describes as "the guarantors of the future". And frequently he describes his fellow-internees as being equally cheerful (with every now again reproving those who complain.) Perhaps the most painful sentence in the book is his reflection, the night after one of the deportations, that those who have gone "are, hopefully, doing well in their new homes. After all, God's sunlight reaches everywhere."
His optimism and his "emphatically German" nature make this account almost more painful than if he had been a more sensitive and suffering soul; but as a recording of one man's experience of Theresienstadt, it is compelling reading: hence my five stars.
3 of 3 people found the following review helpful.
As if it Were Life by Philipp Manes
By Phyllis Durra
My Husband's Grandparents Samuel and Jenny Durra were in the Alterstransport from Berlin to Theresienstadt [ Terezin ] where they both perished. Samuel Durra's Cousin Wilhelm " Willi " Durra was Choir Master at Theresienstadt and participated in Choral Concerts there. I do not love this book ! However I do rate it ***** 5 Stars.
Philipp Manes Autobiography " As if it Were Life " has succeeded in bringing to the fore, in vivid detail, the Ghetto conditions experienced by the incarcerated Jews of Theresienstadt.
The majority of them perished, a minority survived.
Thank You Philipp Manes.
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